Discover Uganda’s Primate Paradise: Home to 20 Fascinating Species
Here are the 20 Primate Species found in Uganda-the Premier Primate Destination in East Africa
Discover Uganda’s Primate Paradise: Home to 20 Fascinating Species! The Primates Found in Uganda- The Premier Primate Destination in East Africa: Located within the lush landscapes of Uganda lies a primate haven where nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers can embark on an extraordinary journey. Uganda is home to a remarkable array of primates, boasting a sanctuary for 20 captivating species. From the iconic mountain gorillas to playful chimpanzees and elusive golden monkeys, this East African gem offers unparalleled opportunities for primate encounters.
The star attraction of Uganda’s primate kingdom is undoubtedly the mountain gorillas. With approximately half of the world’s remaining mountain gorilla population residing in Uganda’s Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, the chances of encountering these majestic creatures are incredibly high. Trekking through dense jungles, accompanied by experienced guides, you will be able to observe these gentle giants in their natural habitat—a truly awe-inspiring and humbling experience.
In addition to mountain gorillas, Uganda is also renowned for its chimpanzee population. Kibale Forest National Park, Queen Elizabeth National Park, and Budongo Forest Reserve are just a few of the remarkable locations where you can venture into the realm of these intelligent and charismatic creatures. Trek through the forest, listen to their calls reverberating through the trees, and witness their
playful antics up close—an encounter that will leave an indelible mark on your heart.
Uganda’s primate paradise extends beyond gorillas and chimpanzees. The country is a haven for other primate species, including the rare golden monkeys in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park. With their vibrant coats and lively demeanor, observing these elusive creatures in their natural habitat is a privilege reserved for those who venture into the heart of Uganda’s wilderness.
While exploring Uganda’s primate havens, you will also have the opportunity to encounter other fascinating species, such as black-and-white colobus monkeys, red-tailed monkeys, olive baboons, and vervet monkeys. Each primate species offers unique charm and behaviors, making every encounter a genuinely captivating and memorable experience.
Uganda has implemented stringent guidelines and regulations for primate trekking to ensure the conservation and protection of these invaluable primate populations. Permits are required for primate tracking activities, and a limited number of visitors are allowed each day to minimize disturbance to the animals and their habitats. It is advisable to plan your trip well in advance and secure your permits to enhance your chances of securing a coveted primate encounter.
Uganda’s primate haven beckons with its rich biodiversity and untamed beauty. Embark on an unforgettable journey through lush forests, listen to the rustling leaves, and witness the grace and intelligence of these incredible creatures. Discover Uganda’s primate paradise and immerse yourself in a world where humans and primates coexist in harmony—a sanctuary that will forever hold a special place in your heart.
The Primates Found in Uganda-the Premier Primate Destination in East Africa
The Primates found in Uganda-20 Species of Primates live in Uganda
Uganda is home to 20 Species of Primates
1. Mountain Gorillas
2. Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees, scientifically known as Pan troglodytes, are our closest living relatives, sharing approximately 98.8% of our DNA. Uganda is home to an estimated 5,000 chimpanzees.
Kibale Forest National Park is a primate haven within Uganda, including around 1,500 chimpanzees. This national park boasts an impressive primate diversity, with a total of 13 primate species residing there.
Kibale Forest National Park stands out as a primate hotspot in Africa, known for its high density of primates, including the abundant chimpanzee population.
Embarking on a trek in Kibale Forest dramatically increases your chances of encountering chimpanzees. A chimpanzee trek typically requires less physical effort than a mountain gorilla trek.
During the trek, you will have the remarkable opportunity to observe a troop of chimpanzees for one hour. Additionally, the forest holds the potential to spot five to six other primate species during your adventure.
For more information on where to trek chimpanzees in Uganda, please refer to the relevant resources.
Read where to trek Chimpanzees in Uganda.
3. Golden Monkeys
The Golden Monkey, scientifically known as Cercopithecus mitis kandti, is a rare and endangered primate species with a unique charm. These captivating creatures can only be found in three countries: Rwanda, Congo, and Uganda, specifically in the foothills of the Virunga Volcanoes.
Weighing between 10 and 25 pounds, Golden Monkeys exhibit a distinctive appearance. They have a golden body, cheeks, and tails, complemented by black limbs, crowns on their heads, and rear ends. As a sub-species of the blue monkey, they primarily inhabit the bamboo forests of the Virunga Volcanoes.
While Golden Monkey tracking is often less expensive than gorilla tracking, it is by no means a lesser experience. Observing these beautiful creatures in their natural habitat is an absolute delight. Their vibrant colors, lively behavior, and engaging interactions make for a memorable and enchanting encounter.
Similar to their primate relatives, chimpanzees and mountain gorillas, Golden Monkeys have undergone habituation. This process involves gradually acclimating them to the presence of humans, allowing visitors to observe their daily lives without causing disturbance or distress. Visitors can witness the monkeys engaging in their natural behaviors, such as feeding, grooming, and socializing while being respectful observers.
Encountering Golden Monkeys in their natural habitat provides a unique opportunity to appreciate and contribute to their conservation. By supporting responsible tourism practices, visitors can help protect the delicate ecosystems they inhabit and ensure the long-term survival of these endangered primates. The conservation efforts surrounding Golden Monkeys also contribute to the Virunga Volcanoes region’s overall biodiversity and ecological balance.
Golden Monkey tracking offers an immersive experience into the captivating world of these unique primates. It is an opportunity to connect with nature, gain a deeper understanding of primate behavior, and foster a sense of appreciation and responsibility for preserving these remarkable animals.
. Read more about Golden Monkey Trekking.
4, Olive Baboons
The Olive Baboon, scientifically known as Papio Anubis or Anubis baboon, belongs to the family Cercopithecidae, which includes Old World monkeys. This species is prevalent in 25 African countries, from Mali in the west to Ethiopia and Uganda in the east.
Olive Baboons inhabit various habitats, including savannahs, steppes, and forests. They are named after their coat color, which appears as a green-grey shade from a distance. These baboons have a complex social structure, relying on various forms of vocal and non-vocal communication.
Encountering Olive Baboons is almost guaranteed during a safari, whether in a vehicle or exploring on foot through nature walks. Rolling up your car windows when approaching them on the road is advisable, as these bold baboons have been known to jump in and snatch any available items, mainly food.
Typically, Olive Baboons live in large troops. Their dog-like heads give them a fierce appearance, and they often display their menacing teeth. They are also known for their substantial size.
While baboons can become dangerous when they associate humans with food or socialize, there have been no reports of visitors being harmed by baboons. Large male baboons protect others in their troop, and incidents with humans are rare during encounters with these fascinating primates.
5. Black and White Colobus Monkeys
The Black and White Colobus, scientifically known as Colobus guereza, is one of the most widespread primates found in the forests of Uganda. These monkeys are commonly seen in extensive forests, including well-developed riparian woodlands.
Easily identifiable by their black bodies, white faces, whitetails, and white sides, the Black and White Colobus monkeys live in small groups. They can be found in various locations, including the Entebbe Botanical Gardens.
In Uganda, several sub-species of the Black and White Colobus exist, such as the Rwenzori Black and White Colobus Monkey. These monkeys can be spotted in most national parks throughout Uganda and in areas outside of protected parks.
Suppose you venture into the Rwenzori Mountains and their foothills. In that case, you will have the opportunity to encounter the Rwenzori species of this remarkable primate alongside the more common black and white colobus monkeys.
6. Blue Monkeys
The Blue Monkey, scientifically known as Cercopithecus mitis, is an Old World monkey species that thrives and is widely distributed in East and Central Africa.
These monkeys have a dark blue-grey coat, with a white throat and patch on their chest. In Uganda’s parks, they belong to the Guenon family, except in Murchison Falls National Park and Lake Mburo National Park.
Blue Monkeys typically live in troops ranging from four to twelve individuals. In Uganda, there are 20 species of guenon monkeys, three of which can be found there.
Unlike some other primates, there are no specific Blue Monkey treks available. However, you may come across them while trekking for other wildlife or primates in Uganda. For instance, while participating in Golden Monkey Treks in Mgahinga Gorilla Park or Uganda Mangabey Monkey Treks in Mabira Forest, you may have the chance to encounter Blue Monkeys alongside other fascinating species.
7. De Brazza’s Monkeys
De Brazza’s Monkey, scientifically known as Cercopithecus neglectus, is an Old World monkey species named after the French explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza and often referred to as “swamp monkeys.”
These monkeys inhabit various habitats in Uganda, including swamps, bamboo forests, and dry mountain forests.
De Brazza’s Monkey displays a unique appearance with its grey agouti fur and reddish-brown back. It has black limbs and a black tail, while its rump is white. A distinctive white stripe runs down its thigh, and an orange crescent-shaped marking adorns its forehead. The monkey’s white eyelids match its muzzle and beard. Both male and female De Brazza’s Monkeys possess cheek pouches that carry food while foraging. Male monkeys have a notable blue scrotum.
If you wish to encounter De Brazza’s Monkeys in Uganda, you can find them in Mount Elgon National Park and Semliki National Park. These lovely and exotic monkeys have even been featured on the cover of past publications, highlighting their unique and captivating presence.
8, Grey-Cheeked Mangabey Monkeys
Grey-cheeked mangabeys, scientifically known as Lophocebus albigena, are captivating medium-sized primates that inhabit the forests of Central Africa. These monkeys are easily recognized by their long tails, thick fur, and striking white cheek patches.
Living in complex social structures, grey-cheeked mangabeys form groups of up to 30 individuals. A dominant male leads these groups, while the females play a vital role in caring for the young. Cooperation and communication are crucial within the group, ensuring their survival and well-being in their forest habitat.
As frugivores, grey-cheeked mangabeys primarily rely on a diet of fruits, leaves, and insects. They have specialized digestive systems that help them efficiently process plant matter. In addition to fruits, they also consume other plant parts such as bark, flowers, and seeds, ensuring a diverse and balanced diet.
The forests of Central Africa provide a rich and varied habitat for grey-cheeked mangabeys, offering them ample opportunities to forage and explore their surroundings. Their adaptability and resourcefulness in utilizing different food sources contribute to their ecological role as seed dispersers, aiding in the regeneration of the forest ecosystem.
Grey-cheeked mangabeys are fascinating to observe and play a significant role in maintaining the balance and diversity of the Central African forests they call home.
9. Uganda Mangabey Monkeys:
Uganda mangabeys, scientifically known as Lophocebus ugandae, are a smaller species compared to their counterparts, the grey-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). They exhibit less sexual dimorphism and possess a relatively smaller skull size. There are noticeable variations in coloration between individuals from different regions of Uganda. Those from the eastern parts of the country have a yellowish-brown hue, while those from the western areas tend to be slightly darker, displaying a greyish-brown coat.
One of the distinguishing features of Uganda mangabeys is their pale chocolate-brown mane and breasts, which provide a striking contrast against the overall body color. This contrast is more pronounced than the equivalent parts of the Johnston’s mangabey (Lophocebus Johnston), another closely related species.
These intelligent and resourceful primates have developed specialized digestive systems that process plant matter efficiently. By consuming various fruits and leaves, Uganda mangabeys ensure a well-rounded and balanced diet that meets their nutritional needs.
Whether observed in the lush forests, diverse woodlands, or even in human-influenced environments such as gardens, Uganda mangabeys exhibit their adaptability and resilience, thriving alongside the rich biodiversity of their habitat.
You can see them in Mabira Forest.
10. L’Hoest’s Monkeys
L’Hoest’s monkeys, scientifically known as Cercopithecus lhoesti, are also called mountain monkeys due to their preference for montane habitats. These primates are commonly found in the montane forests of the Albertine Rift, particularly in the southwestern parts of Uganda.
The preferred habitat of L’Hoest’s monkeys includes montane tropical rainforests, both primary and secondary forests. They tend to occupy the dense underbrush of secondary forests, which thrive in areas where trees have fallen. This behavior allows them to seek cover and protection within the thick vegetation. These monkeys are primarily terrestrial, spending significant time on the ground.
L’Hoest’s monkeys are known for their attractive appearance, making them a sought-after sighting in the wild. However, they are not frequently encountered due to their preference for dense forests and their tendency to hide. One distinctive feature of these monkeys is their tail, which is consistently held in an upright position.
In Uganda, L’Hoest’s monkeys can be found in several locations, including the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Kibale Forest, Maragambo Forest in Queen Elizabeth National Park, and the foothills of the Rwenzori Mountains. These areas provide the necessary montane forest habitat supporting L’Hoest’s monkey populations.
While L’Hoest’s monkeys are primarily herbivorous, feeding on fruits, leaves, and other plant material, it is worth noting that in some nearby countries, they may be hunted and eaten by chimpanzees, which are also present in these regions. This interaction highlights the complex dynamics between primate species within their shared ecosystems.
Spotting L’Hoest’s monkeys in their natural habitat requires patience and a keen eye, as they are masters of camouflage and adept at maneuvering through dense vegetation. Their presence in these montane forests contributes to the rich biodiversity and unique ecosystem of the Albertine Rift region.
11. Patas Monkeys
The patas monkey, scientifically known as Erythrocebus patas, is a remarkable ground-dwelling primate found in semi-arid regions of both West Africa and East Africa.
In northern Uganda, these terrestrial monkeys are commonly found in the country’s savannah parks, including Murchison Falls Park, Kidepo Valley Park, and the Pian Upe Wildlife Reserve. These expansive and open habitats provide the ideal environment for patas monkeys to thrive.
One of the most remarkable abilities of the patas monkey is its incredible speed. They are known for their impressive sprinting capabilities, capable of accelerating from zero to 53 kilometers per hour (33 miles per hour) in just three seconds. They have been recorded reaching up to 55 kilometers per hour (34 miles per hour), making them the fastest primates on Earth.
Patas monkeys are omnivorous, meaning their diet consists of plant and animal matter. While they primarily feed on insects, including grasshoppers, beetles, and termites, they also consume leaves, roots, and bird eggs. Their versatile diet allows them to adapt to the resources available in their semi-arid habitats.
Regarding appearance, patas monkeys can be distinguished from other primate species, such as vervet monkeys, by several key characteristics. They have a light reddish coat, with males often displaying a more vibrant coloration. A distinctive black stripe above their eyes gives them a unique facial pattern. Their preference for savannah habitats also sets them apart from other monkey species that may inhabit different environments.
Encountering patas monkeys in their natural habitat is a captivating experience. Observing their agile movements and witnessing their impressive speed showcases their remarkable adaptations to survive in the semi-arid regions of Africa. These monkeys play an essential role in the ecosystem, contributing to the balance and biodiversity of their savannah habitats.
12. Red Colobus Monkeys
The red colobus monkey (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) – A giant, red-and-black Monkey with a long tail. It is found in Kibale National Park, Budongo Forest, and Semuliki National Park.
There is more variation amongst the coat colors of the Ugandan red colobus, with back colors ranging from dark grey to reddish-brown.
The sides of the body and the arms and legs are grey. They have long dark to light brown tails, which they rely on for balance when climbing and leaping through the canopy. The Ugandan red colobus has dark grey to black hands and feet, and their feet are very long, which helps them leap vast distances[
In Uganda, you can find the Red Colobus Monkey in Kibale Forest and smaller numbers in Semliki National Park. Those who visit our parks with eyes wide open will find all kinds of primates, including the Red Colobus Monkey.
13. Red-Tailed Monkey
The red-tailed monkey, also known as the black-cheeked monkey, white-nosed monkey, red-tailed guenon, redtail monkey, or Schmidt’s guenon, is a fascinating primate species belonging to the family Cercopithecidae.
As its name suggests, the red-tailed monkey is distinguished by its vibrant red tail. The tail exhibits a unique bi-coloration, with the reddish color intensifying from the base to the tip. This distinct characteristic sets it apart from other monkey species. In addition to its striking tail, the red-tailed monkey displays other notable features. It has a white nose and cheeks, contrasting with its predominantly black or dark gray body fur. Another distinctive trait of red-tailed monkeys is their prominent, elastic cheeks, which they use to gather food and store in their mouths for safekeeping.
The red-tailed monkey is widely distributed across its range, and in Uganda, it is not uncommon for red-tailed monkeys and blue monkeys to interbreed in the Kibale Forest. This interbreeding can result in hybrid offspring displaying a mix of physical characteristics from both species.
Uganda is a country where red-tailed monkeys can be observed in various locations. They can be found in the Kibale Forest, known for its rich primate diversity. Additionally, red-tailed monkeys can be encountered in other national parks and protected areas, such as Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Semiliki National Park, and Queen Elizabeth National Park. These diverse habitats provide suitable environments for red-tailed monkeys to thrive, allowing visitors to witness their natural behaviors and appreciate their unique adaptations.
Observing red-tailed monkeys in the wild is a rewarding and captivating experience. Their vibrant appearance, agile movements, and social interactions make them a sought-after sight for primate enthusiasts and nature lovers alike. Visiting the habitats where red-tailed monkeys reside and supporting responsible tourism practices can contribute to conserving and preserving their natural habitats for future generations to enjoy.
14. Owl-Faced Monkeys
Owl-faced Monkey (Cercopithecus Hamlyn), also called Hamlyn’s Monkey, is an arboreal guenon found in Facedl forests.
Owl-Faced Monkey is unique in that it has a beak-like nose, and the face resembles an owl. This shy Monkey is rarely seen, but you might be the lucky one as you hike along the many trails In Bwindi Impenetrable Forest or Mgahinga Gorilla Park.
The Owl-Faced Mo is closely related to L’Hoest’s Monkey, and like it, the Owl-Faced Monkey lives in small groups of one male and various females. Because Owl-Faced Monkeys are so elusive, they have been hard to study.
The Owl-Faced Monkey is gray and has a white stripe that goes from the top of the lip to the top of the nose, delivering the owl monkey that owl face.
You might see them in Uganda in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest or Mgahinga Gorilla Park.
15. Dent’s Mona Monkey:
The Dent’s Mona Monkey is found in Western Uganda. You might see the Dent’s Mona Monkey with other monkeys, such as Blue Monkeys or Gray-Cheeked Mangabeys, and groups of Colobus Monkeys.
The Dent’s Mona Group is relatively small, with one male surrounded by his harem. However, once again, as females, females rule the group.
Dent’s Mona Monkeys have a long black tail, a white rump, and a brown back. Their faces are pretty furry, and when they find food, they carry it off with their large cheek pouches. They prefer fruit but, at times, will resort to leaves and even insects.
Dent’s Mona Monkeys might be found in Semliki Park, Bwindi Forest, and Mgahinga Gorilla Park.
You need to know that there is no guarantee that you will see them in those parks, but there is a chance you will.
16. Vervet Monkeys
Vervet monkeys can be found all over Uganda. You might even see it while having lunch at a restaurant in a garden in Kampala. They traveled in big, and they called troops. They spend their days foraging for food and finding comfortable and safe resting spots. High up in the trees, they’re interesting to look at.
They tend to have a green tint to their fur, white eyebrows, and black faces! Due to their attractive color, they are sometimes called “green monkeys.”
Vervet monkeys can be identified by their yellow to greenish-brown coats of hair. Their bellies are white and have white fur on their brows and cheeks. Vervet monkeys are also easily recognized by their black-skinned faces, hands, and feet.
Vervet monkeys are relatively small and are on the menu for many more extensive, carnivorous (meat-eating) animals. Large cats like leopards, hyenas, eagles, and snakes are just some animals that prey on primates. In the West Indies, domestic dogs severely threaten vervets, as humans hunt the monkeys for meat or persecution. To stay safe, vervet monkeys travel in groups and head for the trees if there are signs of danger.
17. Uganda Red Colobus Monkeys:
The Uganda red colobus monkey is endemic to Uganda. It is one of Africa’s rarest and most endangered primates, with only 5,000 individuals remaining in the wild.
The Uganda red colobus monkey is characterized by its reddish-brown fur and long, white-tipped tail. They are arboreal and spend most of their time in the trees, feeding on leaves, fruits, and flowers. They are social animals and live in groups of up to 80 individuals, led by a dominant male.
The main threat to the Uganda red colobus monkey is habitat loss due to deforestation, as their forest habitat is cleared for agriculture, logging, and other human activities. They are also hunted for their meat and body parts used in traditional medicine.
Efforts are being made to conserve the Uganda red colobus monkey, including habitat protection, anti-poaching patrols, and community education programs. The Uganda Wildlife Authority, in collaboration with other organizations, also conducts research and monitoring to understand the species and its conservation needs better.
Visitors to Uganda can observe the Uganda red colobus monkey in a few protected areas, including Kibale Forest National Park, where they are one of the park’s main primate attractions.
18. Bushbabies
Galagos –ɡəˈleɪɡoʊz, also known as bushbabies, bush babies, or nagapies (meaning “little night monkeys” in Afrikaans), are small nocturnal primates native to continental Africa and make up the family Galagidae (also sometimes called Galagonidae). They are sometimes included as a subfamily within the Lorisidae or Loridae.
According to some accounts, “bushbaby” comes from either Chimal’s cries or appearance. The Afrikaans nagapie is almost exclusively seen at night, while the Ghanaian name aposor is given to them because of their firm grip on branches.
The bushbaby’s night cry is one of the distinct African sounds. As you shine your flashlight or torch into the tree where the scream is coming from, you will see the big eyes of the bushbaby.
They are found in most Ugandan parks, and you can find them on night drives and nocturnal parks in various parks such as Kibale Forest. Dwarf Galagos are also found in Kibale Forest and might be spotted on a Nocturnal Forest Walk.
119. Pottos:
Potto (Perodicticus potto) is a bush bear, tree bear, or softly-softly, slow-moving tropical African Primate. The potto is a nocturnal tree dweller found in rainforests from Sierra Leone eastward to Uganda. It has a firm grip and clings tightly to branches, but when necessary, it can also move quickly through the units with a smooth gliding gait that makes it relatively inconspicuous. It feeds on fruit, small animals, insects (especially larvae) and curls to sleep daily in tree hollows. Its length is about 35 cm (14 inches), excluding its furry 5–10 cm (2–4 inches) tail.
It has large eyes, sturdy limbs, stub-like second fingers and toes, annual fur, and grizzled reddish. A ridge of short, blunt spines formed by the neck vertebrae runs down the nape. The spines are covered by thin, highly innervated skin and are thought to be sensitive to potential predators’ movements when the potto tucks its head between its arms in a defensive posture. Gestation is six months; single young are typical. The medium-sized sloth-like creature can be found on nocturnal walks in Kibale Forest. It can also be found at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest and Queen Elizabeth Park.
20. Dwarf Galago
The dwarf galago (Galagoides Thomas) is a small, nocturnal primate found in the forests of Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is the smallest of the Galagos, measuring only about 12 inches long, not including the tail. Dwarf galagos are grayish brown, with large, dark eyes and a long, bushy tail. They are arboreal creatures and spend most of their time in the trees, sleeping, feeding, and raising their young.
Dwarf galagos are social creatures and live in groups of up to 12 individuals. A dominant male leads the groups, and the females care for the young. Dwarf galagos are monogamous, and they mate for life. The gestation period is about six months, and the females give birth to litters of 1-2 young.
Dwarf galagos are listed as a vulnerable species by the IUCN, and their population is declining due to habitat loss and fragmentation. They are also hunted for bushmeat. However, several conservation efforts are underway to protect the dwarf galago, and their numbers are slowly increasing.
The 20 species of Primates found in Uganda-the Premier Primate Destination in East Africa
Uganda is, without a doubt, the Best and Premier private destination in Africa!
The Primates found in Uganda-20 Species of Primates live in Uganda
The Primate Found in Uganda- the Premier Primate Destination in East Africa: U
ganda is often called the “Premier Primate Destination in Africa” due to its incredible primate population and opportunities for primate watching and conservation.
The country is renowned for its diverse and rich wildlife, including many primate species.
Uganda’s commitment to primate conservation is evident through its various national parks, protected areas, and conservation initiatives. The country has made significant efforts to preserve primate habitats, combat poaching, and promote sustainable tourism practices to ensure the long-term survival of these primate species.
In addition to primate watching, Uganda offers a wide range of other attractions, such as diverse landscapes, including the stunning Lake Victoria, the source of the Nile River, and numerous national parks and reserves home to various—wildlife species.
